While some might argue that the speed of blood flow or a person's health might impact the pattern of the stain, Borrini said that in this case, only the direction matters. To track the blood flow, they used a device created to represent arteries and veins which had been damaged by a nail during a crucifixion, and analyzed what direction the liquid, which represented blood, would go and what pattern it would make. So we reproduced the blood flowing from these two different wounds," he said. In this case, the wound from the wrist created by the nails, or the blood from the wound on the side, the wound that was directly done by the spear that was used on the torso of Jesus Christ according to the Gospels. "We tried to recreate the flow of the blood and the dripping of the blood from a wound. This method "is only physical, and morphological," Borrini said, explaining that it focuses on "the study of the pattern, the shape, of the bloodstain and the distribution of the bloodstains the physical, geometric distribution." The two were then required to respond to the comments made as part of their formal article on the study, which was reviewed by the same anonymous panel before its publication last week.Īs part of their research, Borrini and Garlaschelli conducted numerous experiments on both live human volunteers and mannequins using BPA methods, which use geometrical techniques to reconstruct the angle of the splatter from each drop of blood when it meets a surface.
The study was then read by a panel of anonymous experts in the field, who commented on the research and offered suggestions. Hitler, the Holy See, and a historic treaty: The Reichskonkordat at 90 Read article "If one begins with a preconception and directs the research toward proving it, then it will easily be confirmed", he said, adding that operating on the basis of a preconception "nullifies the neutrality proper to science with respect to personal convictions." However, regardless of the outcome of such research, the archbishop said the guiding principle of any research ought to be "neutrality."
In 2017, for example, a study was done suggesting that the blood on the shroud was that of a "torture victim."
Professor Paolo Di Lazzaro, the director of research at the International Center of Sindonology in Turin, said Borrini's methods, while sound, would require more time and "specific attention" to details in order to be "scientifically valid and authoritative."Īrchbishop Cesare Nosiglia of Turin noted that the study "does not affect the spiritual and religious meaning of the shroud as an icon of the Passion and death of the Lord," adding that "no one can deny the evidence that contemplating the shroud is like reading the pages of the Gospel tells us about the Passion and death of the Son of God."Īrchbishop Nosiglia said numerous studies have been done which either prove or disprove the authenticity of the shroud.
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